CD28−/−Mice Show Defects in Cellular and Humoral Immunity but Are Able To Control Infection with Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68

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Abstract
The role of CD28-dependent costimulatory interactions in the development and maintenance of antiviral immune responses was investigated in a mouse model of gammaherpesvirus infection. CD28−/−mice could clear a productive infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), although early lung viral titers were significantly increased. Both CD28−/−and CD28+/+mice maintained effective long-term control of MHV-68. Gamma interferon responses appeared to develop more slowly in CD28−/−mice, while cytotoxic T-cell activity was similar to that in wild-type mice. Splenomegaly developed normally in CD28−/−mice, whereas virus-specific antibody responses were significantly reduced and aberrant class switching was observed. This work demonstrates that costimulatory interactions involving CD28 are not an absolute requirement for the control of infection with MHV-68.