The effect of a high calory diet on hormonal changes in young men during prolonged physical strain and sleep deprivation

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Abstract
Major changes occur in the serum level of several hormones during 5 days of heavy and continuous physical activities, with less than a total of 2 h of sleep. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the importance of caloric deficiency, energy requirement being about 8,000–10,000 kcal/24 h. A comparison between well fed subjects and those with food deprivation revealed significantly higher levels of (T3) triiodothyronin, insulin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the well-fed subjects, who also had lower levels of growth hormone (hGH) and cortisol, whereas no difference was found between the two groups for thyroxin (T4). Increased levels were found for T3 and T4 in both groups during the first day of activity, with a concomitant decrease in TSH and a subsequent decrease of T4 during the next 2 days. T3 decreased only in the low-calory group whereas increased levels were found in the iso-calory group throughout the course. The resting levels of insulin decreased during the course in the low-calory group whereas it increased in the iso-calory group. High levels were maintained throughout the course for hGH. Cortisol showed high levels just before the start of the course and then decreased from day 2 to day 4. No difference was found between the morning and evening levels for cortisol, indicating disappearance of the circadian rhythm. The present investigation has shown that energy deficiency during prolonged physical strain is responsible for the decreased serum levels of T3 and insulin and may contribute to the decrease in TSH and the increase in hGH and cortisol.