Chronic Beryllium Disease

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Abstract
Chronic beryllium disease is an immune-mediated granulomatous lung disease seen predominantly in workers exposed to beryllium. It is thought to be mediated by a hypersensitivity reaction to beryllium. Disease risk is a function of intensity of beryllium exposure and genetic immune susceptibility. A specific immunophenotype, human leukocyte antigen-DPglu69 has been strongly associated with development of the disease. The presence of noncaseating granulomas, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation on beryllium challenge, and a history of exposure are necessary for diagnosis. Current treatment entails cessation of exposure; additionally, systemic corticosteroids may be required. The natural history and optimal treatment strategies are poorly defined at present.