Specific modulation of corticospinal and spinal excitabilities during maximal voluntary isometric, shortening and lengthening contractions in synergist muscles

Abstract
Non‐technical summary  The neural control of muscle activity differs during voluntary shortening and lengthening contractions. In this paper, we show that the relative contribution of both cortical and spinal mechanisms to the modulation of neural activation is specific during lengthening contraction and differs between synergist muscles. Knowledge of spinal and corticospinal excitabilities modulations during shortening and lengthening muscle contraction improves our understanding of the processes that underlies the neural control of muscles during dynamic contractions.