Protective Spray Tests on Three Species of Bark Beetles in the Western United States1

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Abstract
In an early extensive series of tests 2% oil solution or aqueous emulsion of lindane or chlorpyrifos. or 2% oil or water suspension of carbaryl prevented both attracted and forced attacks by Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, D. ponderosae Hopkins. and D. adjunctus Blandford on Pinus ponderosa Lawson and attacks by D. ponderosae on P. contorta Douglas. The period of effectiveness varied from 3 to more than 36 months depending on the formulation, insecticide, and type of attack: oil solution > emulsion; lindane > chlorpyrifos > carbaryl; forced attacks > attracted attacks. No marked differences could be found between beetle species in a given location. In a later series of attracted attack tests on ponderosa pine, however, 2% water emulsion of chlorpyrifos was not effective against D. ponderosae .

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