Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Apoptosis Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Severe Human Sepsis

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Abstract
Reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta(Psi)m), which is considered as an initial and irreversible step towards apoptosis, as well as cell death regulating proteins, such as Fas, Hsp70, or Bcl-2, may play an important role in sepsis. We studied the relationship between sepsis severity and peripheral blood monocyte Delta(Psi)m, cell death (necrosis and apoptosis), soluble Fas ligand, Hsp70, and Bcl-2 expression over time in 18 patients with sepsis, and compared these data with those of a group of 17 healthy control subjects. All measurements were performed within 3 d of the onset of severe sepsis (T1), then 7 to 10 d later (T2), and finally at hospital discharge (T3). Delta(Psi)m was expressed as the percent monocytes with altered Delta(Psi)m (%Delta(Psi)m). Patients with sepsis had greater %Delta(Psi)m at T1 and T2 but not at T3 (14.6 +/- 2.6% and 15.9 +/- 2%, respectively, versus control 6.6 +/- 0.2%, p < 0.01). Septic patients exhibited greater cell death in their monocytes and had greater Hsp70 expression only at T1. Bcl-2 levels were similar in septic and control subjects. Comparing survivors with non-survivors of sepsis, nonsurvivors had a greater %Delta(Psi)m at T1 (26.4 +/- 5.3% versus 10.1 +/- 2.7%, p < 0.01) and a significant decrease in Bcl-2 expression, whereas no difference was found in Hsp70 levels. These results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent cell death occur in severe sepsis and suggest that %Delta(Psi)m is a marker of severity in human sepsis. mitochondria; apoptosis; sepsis; heat-shock protein 70; proto-oncogene protein c-Bcl-2