Long-Term Continuity of Bone Cortical Area

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Abstract
Over the past three decades many explanations have been advanced for bone loss in adults (i.e., involutional osteoporosis). Some of these explanations relate to diet, including insufficient intake of protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or vitamin D.1 Other explanations include inactivity, cigarette smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and the use of calcium-losing as compared with calcium-sparing diuretics.2 , 3 Except for decreased estrogen levels, as confirmed in early artificial menopause, it has been difficult to verify most of these suggested explanations in populations.4 , 5

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