Uroepithelial Carcinoma in Association With Cyclophosphamide Ingestion

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Abstract
The association of daily oral cyclophosphamide with the development of transitional cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder has been documented. The first 2 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and an additional 4 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder following cyclophosphamide ingestion [for the therapy of malignant disease in another organ system] are reported. Patients who have been taking daily oral cyclophosphamide for a prolonged period should have excretory urography, cystoscopy and bladder mucosal biopsies performed as part of a cancer surveillance protocol.