Electrically calibrated absolute radiometer suitable for measurement automation

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Abstract
New electrically calibrated absolute radiometers (ESRs) were developed having fast response and high responsivity; these ESRs are specially useful for measurement automation. They are fabricated using thin film techniques and have a responsivity of ∼0.3 V/W, a time constant between 2.5 and 3.0 s and a noise equivalent power of around 20 nW. Only a correction for the goldblack absorber reflectance is required, and the overall accuracy of the radiometers is ±0.1%. One of the main applications of absolute radiometers is to the accurate spectral calibration of secondary radiometers. The automation of this calibration procedure is discussed for the visible and near-IR spectral region. It is shown that the use of automation in conjunction with the new ESRs greatly simplifies calibrations and reduces turnaround time while allowing calibration accuracies of close to ±0.1%.