Incidence of Thromboembolism after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) -- A Study on TED Stocking Prophylaxis and Literature Review

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Abstract
Objective: To assess the incidence of clinically evident pulmonary emboli and deep vein thromboses in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with the routine use of graduated elastic compression stockings (TED) in all patients and the addition of low-dose heparin in selected high-risk patients. Patients and Method: A retrospective analysis of clinically evident thromboembolic complications within 4 weeks of operation in 883 patients operated in a single hospital during a 4-year period. Results: Four patients (0.45%) developed pulmonary emboli (PE), of which two (0.23%) were fatal. There was one clinically evident deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in a high-risk patient (0.11%). None of the 14 high-risk patients receiving additional low-dose heparin required a blood transfusion. Conclusion: Clinical thromboembolic complications following TURP are rare. TURP patients have a low risk for DVT, but an intermediate risk for pulmonary emboli. Pulmonary emboli may occur without identifiable risk factors and despite TED stocking prophylaxis.