THE WATER EXCHANGES OF FROGS WITH AND WITHOUT SKIN

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Abstract
The initial rates at which water was taken up or given off by frogs from which the skin had been removed were proportional to the concentration of NaCl in the medium. When gelatin was added, at each concentration of NaCl, much less water was gained or more water was lost by the skinless frogs. The much greater rate of osmosis due to gelatin than to. salt was accounted for by the rapid exchange of salt but not of gelatin between tissues and medium. The influences of anesthesia, pithing, and addition of gelatin to the medium were evaluated upon both skinless and intact frogs. The skinless frog and the pithed intact frog are under certain conditions ideal osmometers. By comparing the rates of exchange which are due to osmotic pressure alone with the actual rates of exchange of normal intact frogs, those forces residing in the skin which ordinarily oppose the attraction of water by the osmotic pressure of the body fluids are evaluated.

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