Experimental probabilistic manipulation of down-converted photon pairs using unbalanced interferometers

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Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the transformation from two-photon time entanglement to polarization entanglement using unbalanced interferometers. The polarization states of down-converted photon pairs from the interferometer depend on the path they have experienced. Therefore, the polarization entanglement is achieved by the coincidence measurement. We also show that our scheme can be used for the probabilistic manipulation of down-converted photon pairs and experimentally simulate an operation of quantum logic gate known as controlled-NOT gate. Availability of our method to the quantum information and the relation to the local realism are discussed.