Abstract
Although in higher teleosts the four principal sections of the adductor mandibulae muscle show various configurations, a single relatively simple pattern occurs in at least some members of seven different orders. This particular configuration is considered to be inherited from the iniomous (myctophiform) fishes in which it first appears. The various, often complex patterns that also occur within the large of these orders are interpreted as modifications that have evolved within their particular order. A few of the pathways over which these modifications have presumably developed are traced. Evolutionary implications of the basal type of M. adductor mandibulae configuration are discussed.