The Study of Crises in Liberal Democracies

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Abstract
This article provides a brief overview of various crisis approaches, presents a new theoretical framework for the study of crises and crisis outcomes in liberal democ racies, and discusses some possible operationalizations of basic theoretical variables. Also, some emphasis is placed on how to conceptualize and measure the "appro priate" dependent variable(s), a question that is of great importance for the development of a promising cross-national research design in the field of internal political crises. Finally, some of the methodological and epistemological issues that arise in applying the proposed methods to historical data are discussed.

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