Origin and Development of Shoots from the Tips of Roots of Pogonia ophioglossoides

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Abstract
Adventitious shoots are produced, usually laterally, but sometimes terminally, by the enlargement and division of the epidermal and cortical cells of the tips of the horizontal roots. The group of meristematic cells thus formed appears as a protuberance on the root. This differentiates into a bud, then develops slowly into a shoot with 1 leaf and 1 or more exogenous adventitious roots at each node. One new node is produced each year until the plant is old enough to flower. If the adventitious shoot is lateral, the root continues to grow forward and produces another shoot the following season. Since each series of shoot-forming roots is in a slightly higher horizontal plane than those of the previous year, the shoots are successively higher in the sphagnum mat each year, apparently keeping pace with the growth of the sphagnum.

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