Palatal Displacement of Canine is Genetic and Related to Congenital Absence of Teeth

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Abstract
The palatally displaced canine is a harmful complication of dental development. It appears in 1 to 2% of the Western population. According to our clinical experience, this anomaly is seen in families in which missing and peg-shaped teeth are common. It could be caused by the same genetic component that causes incisor-premolar hypodontia. We examined 106 patients who had been operated on and treated orthodontically for palatally impacted canine(s). The patients and their family members were examined for dental anomalies. One hundred and ten first- and 93 second-degree relatives were clinically and radiologically examined, and 35 pedigrees were constructed. Thirty-six percent of the patients had congenitally missing permanent teeth (hypodontia), which is 4.5 times the population prevalence. Hypodontia was noted in 19 to 20% of both the first- and second-degree relatives. This is 2.5 times the population prevalence. Frequency of missing teeth, analyzed by tooth groups, was of the same order as that shown for incisor-premolar hypodontia in the Western population. In six of the 35 pedigrees, a palatally impacted canine was noted in several generations of the same family. Prevalence of this anomaly was 4.9% in the studied group, which is 2.5 times the population prevalence. From the findings, we conclude that the palatally displaced canine belongs to the spectrum of dental abnormalities related to hypodontia.