Maternal Protein Deprivation during Pregnancy or Lactation in Rats and the Efficiency of Food and Nitrogen Utilization of the Progeny

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Abstract
Both prenatal and postnatal malnutrition were imposed upon rats by feeding pregnant dams a low protein diet, or after either normal or malnourished pups were born, feeding a low protein diet to the dams they were suckling for the first 3 weeks of life. A second period of postnatal malnutrition was imposed on some rats by feeding a low protein diet for 4 weeks to pups after they were weaned at 3 weeks of age. Among the physiological and biochemical effects that were found to persist for at least 6 months after a postnatal exposure to protein-calorie malnutrition, the following observations were made: