The Effects of Temperature and Dew Period on Germination and Infection by Uredospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi

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Abstract
Uredospores of P. pachyrhizi germinated at 10-28.5.degree. C, with a broad optimum in the range 15-25.degree. C. Spores of isolates from Australia, India, Indonesia and Taiwan germinated over similar temperature ranges, but the optimal temperature range for the Indian isolate was narrower than that for the other isolates. Maximal infection of Wayne soybean leaves occurred at 20-25.degree. C with 10-12 h of dew and at 15-17.5.degree. C with 16-18 h of dew. The minimal dew period for infection was 6 h at 20-25.degree. C, and 8-10 h at 15-17.5.degree. C. Infection did not occur above 27.5.degree. C. Temperature-moisture requirements for infection of soybeans by uredospores of P. pachyrhizi apparently would not preclude the establishment of the soybean rust fungus in major soybean growing areas of the USA.

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