Method of Counting Tailbeats of Free-Swimming Fish by Ultrasonic Telemetry Techniques

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Abstract
Rhythmic beats in ultrasonic signals from free-swimming fish fitted with continuous-wave transmitters were noted during tracking of four species. Such signal beats corresponded with visually observed tailbeats of salmon and are presumed to have resulted from a Doppler effect due to undulations of the body and tail. The beats cannot be detected from pulsed transmitters. Tailbeat frequencies of white bass (Morone chrysops) were higher than those of salmon for the same swimming speed in body lengths per second.

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