Nonmotor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease

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Abstract
We studied the nature and frequency of nonmotor "off" phenomena in 130 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor fluctuations.Twenty-two patients (17%) experienced nonmotor fluctuations as an end-of-dose phenomenon. Previously unreported, or little appreciated, nonmotor "off" states include sensory dyspnea, nausea, facial flushing, cough, hunger, unilateral limb edema, proximal limb pain, and trigeminal neuralgia-like pain. We attempted treatment modification in 12 of 22 patients; nonmotor "off" symptoms improved in nine of these 12 patients (75%). Recognizing these phenomena will prevent unnecessary tests and treatments. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 1180-1183