Sex Differences in Outcomes After Cardiac Catheterization

Open Access
Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiac care and outcomes have been widely investigated since Steingart et al1 stimulated clinicians to consider sex-based biases in care practices. Investigators have examined sex differences in access to cardiac procedures and outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI) or the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD).2-18 Many studies have suggested that women have less access to care or poorer outcomes,2-9 whereas others have concluded that there are few or no differences10-17 or, under particular circumstances, that women fare better than men.16 After more than a decade of investigation, however, consistent findings are wanting, perhaps because of unavailability of detailed clinical data, variability of patient samples, and variability of follow-up times.