Parasitoids of the Western Tentiform Leafminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Utah Apple Orchards

1 June 1986

journal article
research article
Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Environmental Entomology

Vol. 15 (3) , 635-641
https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/15.3.635

Abstract

Phyllonorycter elmaella Doganlar & Mutuura was sampled in 1983 from Utah apple orchards that had different spray programs and P. elmaella population histories. P. elmaella is multivoltine in Utah. Percent parasitism increased from the first to the third generations of fourth and fifth larval instars, then dropped in the overwintering (OW) generation. Dominant parasitoids were Sympiesis marylandensis Girault in P. elmaella generations one and three, and Pnigalio flavipes (Ashmead) in the second and OW generations. The parasitoid complex in Utah included six species, and all were ectoparasitic. All parasitoid species were found in the OW generation of P. elmaella.

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