NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN THE NEONATE

  • 1 January 1979
    • journal article
    • review article
    • Vol. 148  (2) , 259-269
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis has become the most common condition requiring emergency surgical treatment in the newborn infant, far surpassing all major congenital anomalies in number of presentations and in deaths after surgical treatment. No single cause for the disease is known. Necrotizing enterocolitis is characterized by ischemic necrosis of the intestine, with minimal inflammation. In 25-50% of patients, surgical resection of gangrenous bowel is necessary. Operation is reserved for infants with intestinal perforation or gangrene. Recent refinements of indications for operation often permit surgical intervention to coincide with the advent of intestinal gangrene. At operation, expeditious resection of frankly necrotic bowel and exteriorization of the marginally viable ends is all that should be attempted. Special postoperative problems consist of management of sepsis, maintenance of nutrition and vigilant observation for early and late complications, particularly the development of ischemic intestinal stricture.