Theory of Polarization of Nucleons Scattered Elastically by Nuclei

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Abstract
A study of the nucleon polarization to be expected when nucleons are elastically scattered from nuclei is presented. The polarization effect is a consequence of the fact that the nucleon-nucleus interaction may be represented as a complex spin-dependent potential. The existence of such a potential is suggested by the nuclear shell model and the spin dependence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. Qualitative arguments are advanced to determine this potential in terms of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. Although the polarization effect is by no means confined to elastic scattering, it is in this case particularly useful, since the large diffraction cross sections observed experimentally insure relatively high yields of polarized particles. A number of theoretical studies have been carried out, for both neutron and proton scattering, which show that almost full polarization can occur. The calculations have been carried out by using the W.K.B. approximation as usually applied to the nuclear optical model. The method has been checked by carrying out an exact phase shift analysis for a particular case. The results show that studies of nucleon polarization can illuminate some aspects of nuclear structure, since the polarization depends on the particular nucleus used as a target as well as upon the form of the interaction.