Thin-Film Microbiosensors for Glucose−Lactate Monitoring

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Abstract
A miniaturized device for simultaneous measurement of glucose and lactate levels was produced by means of photopatterning of enzyme-containing photosensitive membrane precursors. This device shows no cross-talk and a lifetime for both the glucose and the lactate sensors of more than 2 weeks when continuously operated in undiluted bovine serum. Linear response ranges of up to 40 mM for glucose and 25 mM for L-lactate, in combination with 95% response times of < 30 s, were realized. The devices are mass produced by means of thin-film technology on flexible carriers to give catheter-type multisensing devices for in vivo applications. Ex vivo experiments, performed with human volunteers, where the device was continuously operated in an extracorporeal, undiluted, heparinized blood stream for 6 h, gave a correlation of r > 0.98 with respect to laboratory techniques. Subcutaneous measurements of glucose levels in pigs were close to the corresponding blood levels obtained without in vivo calibration.