Abstract
The uniqueness of the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory is examined using a concomitant approach. The demand that the Lagrangian be a scalar density under coordinate transformations and a scalar under Poincaré or Lorentz gauge transformations as well as be degenerate in the order of the Euler–Lagrange expressions determines a class of Lagrangians whose Euler–Lagrange equations reduce essentially to the Einstein vacuum field equations with cosmological term.

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