Distinguishing between duplex and hairpin forms of RNA by 15N–1H heteronuclear NMR

Abstract
A general method is described for distinguishing RNA hairpins from RNA duplexes by application of two‐dimensional filtered nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectra on a 1:1 mixture of unlabeled and 99% 15N‐labeled molecules. The method is applied to the RNA dodecamer rGGCGCUUGCGUC which can form an intramolecular hairpin under low salt conditions and a duplex in high salt. This procedure allows unambiguous identification of RNA hairpins or duplexes under the same conditions that are used in the NMR solution structure determination.