Hormonal Treatment of Postmenopausal Women

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Abstract
Many postmenopausal women have been treated with ovarian hormones in an attempt to alleviate the symptoms of menopause and, more recently, in the hope of preventing osteoporosis and reducing the risk of ischemic heart disease. The postmenopausal period has been simplistically considered an endocrine-deficiency state, and replacement therapy has been seen as restoring the premenopausal endocrine milieu, but none of the available hormone-replacement regimens mimic the pattern of hormone secretion in premenopausal women. The most frequently used and most studied replacement regimen has been estrogen alone; the recent addition of progestogen provides a more nearly physiologic replacement regimen, but this . . .