The Diagnosis and Initial Management of Head Injury

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Abstract
SINCE ancient times,1 head injuries have had an almost mysterious quality. Although trauma to the head may cause severe tissue disruption of the scalp, skull, and facial and subcranial structures, the ultimate determinant of survival and functional outcome is the degree and extent of brain damage, alone or in association with other major traumatic injuries.In the United States, a head injury occurs every seven seconds, with a death every five minutes. Head injury is the leading cause of death among people under the age of 24 years.2 Although statistics vary from year to year, approximately 200,000 people die or . . .