General vs. local differentiation between two closely related white oak species

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Abstract
The geographical distribution of species differentiation throughout the natural range of two sympatric, closely related species of oaks, Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercus robur L., was investigated. By sampling species in pairs in different European regions, from Spain to Poland and Romania, the differentiation between the two species could be subdivided into general and local differentiation. Nine sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers corresponding to genomic regions which discriminate the two species were analysed using single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) or classical electrophoresis (double‐stranded DNA on agarose gel) on PCR products providing, respectively, codominant and dominant markers. Similar levels of gene diversity (HE) within the two species were observed, varying generally from 0.3 to 0.5 for dominant markers and from 0.5 to 0.86 for codominant markers. SSCP loci exhibited numerous alleles that were differently involved in species differentiation. The geographical distribution of species differentiation is heterogeneous between the regions, the north‐east populations exhibiting higher differentiation than the others. For most loci, general differentiation was higher than local differentiation and was interpreted as the result of historical causes, selection pressures, and intra‐ and interspecific gene flow.

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