Actinomycosis of the Urinary Bladder

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Abstract
ACTINOMYCOSIS of the female genital tract has followed the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs).1Though actinomycosis from this source occasionally spreads to other areas in the abdomen and thorax, it rarely extends to the urinary tract, where the kidney is more often affected than the ureters or bladder. Actinomycosis of the bladder, though most uncommon, may imitate malignant neoplasms because it presents as multiple fistulas or as a mass lesion. We describe actinomycosis of the urinary bladder in association with an IUD to illustrate the need to consider this infection in the differential diagnosis of bladder masses. Report of a Case A 36-year-old woman had a three-month history of cramping right-lower quadrant pain that intensified on urination. She denied burning with urination or urinary urgency. The results of a pelvic examination showed an enlarged irregular uterus of six to eight weeks' size with a contiguous 4×5-cm mass at

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