The Anatomy of the Fasciae of the Face and Neck with Particular Reference to the Spread and Treatment of Intraoral Infections (Ludwigʼs) that Have Progressed into Adjacent Fascial Spaces

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Abstract
Descriptions of the fasciae of the lower half of the face and of the adjacent cervical fasciae have long been puzzling and descriptively much too complex. For this reason, medical students, young medical and dental practitioners, and at times even senior surgeons frequently do not understand the anatomy of the cervicofacial fasciae, which plays such an important role in the spread and subsequent final localization of primary intraoral infections. This article attempts to simplify the descriptions of these fasciae, in particular, their sites of origin and insertion.