On the evolution of the Hedbergellidae from the Praehedbergellidae

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Abstract
In order to establish the relationship between the smooth, microperforate praehedbergellid forms of the genus Blefuscuiana with the younger, macroperforate and muricate forms typical of Hedbergella, two similar taxa but with the different characters of the two genera, are studied here: Blefuscuiana praetrocoidea (Kretchmar & Gorbachik) and its descendant Hedbergella trocoidea (Gandolfi), the type species of Hedbergella, and which typifies the Hedbergellidae.B. praetrocoidea was only found in the Early Aptian in the North Tethys. H. trocoidea ranges from the Late Aptian to Early Albian (?M. Albian) and is a cosmopolitan species. It evolves into Ticinella roberti (Gandolfi), a Late Aptian–Albian species with fused portici. The evolution of the Praehedbergellidae into the Hedbergellidae appears to be related to a relative sea-level rise in the Late Aptian and Albian (and the opening of the Proto-Atlantic) which provided a number of deep-water niches which the Hedbergellidae occupied.