Electronic structure of gold: An angle-resolved photoemission study along theΛline

High-resolution normal-photoemission spectra were recorded for Au(111) with use of synchrotron radiation with photons in the energy range 9 eV≤hν≤27 eV. Exploiting direct-transition intensity resonances on hν and using results from other measurements, we were able to determine reliable final-state bands along the ΓΛL direction up to 18 eV above the Fermi energy and to derive the dispersion of the corresponding occupied d bands. Independent of energy, the experimental final-state bands deviate by about +0.7 eV from a recent density-functional-theory calculation performed by Eckardt, Fritsche, and Noffke [J. Phys. F 14, 97 (1984)]. The experimental valence bands deviate by about -0.30 eV from theory. Measured critical-point energies (in eV; band indices in parentheses) are E(${\Gamma }_8^{+}$(2,3))=-6.01 ±0.02, E(${\Gamma }_7^{+}$(4))=-4.68±0.05, E(${\Gamma }_8^{+}$(5,6))=-3.71 ±0.02, E(${\Gamma }_7^{\mathrm{-}}$(7))=16.0±0.1, E($L_4$,$5^{+}$(2))=-6.2± 0.1, E($L_6^{+}$(3))=-5.0±0.1, E($L_6^{+}$(4)) =-3.1±0.1, and E($L_4$,$5^{+}$(5))=-2.3± 0.2.