Mating system variation among individual ramets in a Douglas-fir seed orchard

Abstract
Proportions of outcrossed progeny (ti) in five ramets of five clones with variable floral phenology and pollen production were investigated in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard. Estimates of ti (.cxa.ti) were significantly heterogeneous among the five ramets, ranging in value from 0.50 to 1.07. Variation in .cxa.ti corresponded well with variation among ramets in floral biology. Ramets that flowered much earlier than other individuals in the orchard and (or) had a higher degree of synchrony in timing of male and female flowering produced the lowest .cxa.ii.