Cytomegaloviral Adrenalitis and Adrenal Insufficiency in AIDS

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Abstract
In a review of 74 autopsy cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was found in 50% (37 cases). Of these 37 cases the adrenal glands were affected by CMV in 84%. The authors analyzed the histologic features of 30 of these 37 cases of CMV adrenalitis by grading the CMV inclusions, inflammation and necrosis (CMV score), focal versus diffuse involvement, and the degree of fibrosis (fibrosis score). The clinical data were not significant except for sodium to potassium ratio (Na:K), which was less than 30 in 11 cases. Focal CMV adrenalitis had low CMV and fibrosis scores and Na:K ratio higher than 30, whereas diffuse adrenalitis had high CMV and fibrosis scores and Na:K ratio less than 30. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests performed in three patients revealed normal or elevated baseline Cortisol levels with a blunted response after stimulation. The authors conclude that the adrenal gland is the most frequently affected organ in AIDS with CMV infection. ACTH tests on a larger number of selected cases of AIDS are needed for further evaluation of functional status of adrenal glands. Selection criteria for the test should include evidence of CMV infection from any site and a low Na:K ratio.