Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands

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Abstract
An efficient strategy for modeling the land surface boundary in general circulation models (GCMs) is presented which accounts for the effects of vegetation on surface energy fluxes and allows for an arbitrary number of vegetation types to coexist in a grid square. The GCM grid square is depicted as a “mosaic” of vegetation “tiles,” with each tile consisting of a single vegetation type. The energy balance equation for each tile follows closely that of a single vegetation version of the simple biosphere (SiB) model of Sellers et al. (1986) but is simplified enough to be written in Penman‐Monteith form. Each tile in the square is coupled independently to the GCM atmosphere, and tiles affect each other only through the atmosphere. This coupling strategy differs conceptually from that of models such as SiB that assume a homogeneous mixture of vegetation types within a GCM grid square. A quantitative comparison of the two strategies is presented.