Comparison of the Effects of Barbiturate and Ethanol Given to Neonates on the Cerebellar Morphology

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Abstract
Previous studies from different laboratories have suggested that neonatal exposure to barbiturate and ethanol induces long-term changes in cerebellar morphology. The present study was designed to compare in similar conditions the effect of neonatal exposure to maximal doses of barbiturate or ethanol on cerebellar morphology. Phenobarbital was administered via daily injections of 50 mg/kg on neonatal days 2–21 (B group). Ethanol was similarly administered in doses of 3 g/kg (E3g) and the submaximal dose of 2 g/kg (E2g). At age 50 days, the cerebella of treated and control offspring were subjected to histological analysis. The sagittal areas of the cerebellar layers were similarly reduced compared to controls in both B and E3g groups. In addition, B and E3g groups exhibited a similar deficit in the number of the cerebellar Purkinje and granule neurons. As barbiturate and E3g, a submaximal dose of ethanol (B2g) induced a deficit in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells. However, it did not affect the granule cells and the area of the cerebellar layers. The results suggest that under standardized conditions, barbiturate and ethanol have a similar potent neurotoxic effect on the cerebellum. That is, they both impair the development of the cerebellar layers to a similar extent and destroy neurons even after they have already formed.