Transfer and exchange contributions to solvent isotope effects

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Abstract
It is shown that the transfer contribution to deuterium solvent isotope effects in water can formally be represented as an exchange effect. The introduction of a solute into water creates a change in solvent structure which can be written as a chemical reaction involving solvent hydrogen nuclei, and the isotope effect on the equilibrium constant of this reaction can then be expressed in terms of deuterium fractionation between different hydrogen sites.

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