Hinman Syndrome

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Abstract
Hinman syndrome is a condition representing urinary voiding dysfunction in the neurologically intact child. The syndrome is probably caused by acquired behavioral and psychosocial disorders manifested by bladder and/or bowel dysfunction mimicking neurologic disease. Clinically, the symptom complex may include day and nighttime enuresis, encopresls, constipation, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy frequently demonstrates normal vesicourethral anatomy (a key finding). Laboratory analysis often demonstrates infected urine. With respect to imaging characteristics, hydronephrosis is found in 66–70% of patients and is generally bilateral. Vesicoureteral reflux occurs in 50–60% of patients, and voiding films will usually demonstrate a carrot-shaped proximal urethra with a persistent narrowing at the external sphincter. The bladder is large and often appears trabeculated with a thickened wall and significant post-void residual.

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