Air Pollution, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Risk

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Abstract
There is mounting evidence that exposure to higher levels of air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular consequences. A recent scientific statement from the American Heart Association concluded that transient changes in air pollution are associated with a short-term increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death.1 There is also convincing evidence for an association between air pollution and myocardial ischemia and infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure exacerbation, and stroke.15 Mechanisms that have been proposed as possible explanations for these associations include direct effects from agents that cross the pulmonary epithelium into the circulation, including gases and the soluble constituents . . .