Maternal ethanol consumption and synaptic membrane glycoproteins in offspring

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Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the influences of chronic maternal ethanol consumption, prior to and during gestation, on the development of synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) and on the synthesis of SPM glycoproteins in offspring. Comparisons were made between animals whose mothers were pair-fed a control or 6.6% (v/v) ethanol liquid diet in which protein accounted for either 18% (original) (C & E) or 21% (revised) (*C & *E) of the calories. In addition, groups of pups that were either cross-fostered (*C & *E) with chow-fed surrogate mothers or reverse cross-fostered (offspring of chow-fed mothers with *C & *E mothers) were examined. Ethanol and matched (same dietary group) control pups had comparable brain and body weights, brain protein content, and yield of SPM proteins during the 10–24 day age period examined. However, the yield of SPM proteins from ethanol and control offspring of and/or reared by the three groups of rat mothers that received the *E and *C liquid diets was greater than that of the offspring of rats that were fed the original diets. This suggests that the original diets were not nutritionally adequate for pregnant rats. Despite the fact that the content of SPM proteins was comparable in ethanol and matched control pups, the offspring of ethanol-treated rats had an abnormal distribution of [3H]-or [14C]-fucose-derived radioactivity among SPM glycoproteins. The SPM abnormalities were most severe in the non-cross-fostered offspring of E rats. No SPM glycoprotein abnormalities were found in the reverse cross-fostered group. The results of the present study demonstrate that chronic maternal ethanol consumption prior to parturition has a severe effect on the synthesis of SPM glycoproteins in developing offspring without affecting the content of SPMs per se. It also demonstrates the importance of optimizing the composition of liquid diets used to feed pregnant rats.