Frontline: Optimal T cell activation requires the engagement of CD6 and CD166

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Abstract
The T cell surface glycoprotein, CD6 binds CD166 in the first example of an interaction between a scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain and an immunoglobulin-like domain. We report that in human these proteins interact with a KD =0.4–1.0 μM and Koff ≥0.4–0.63 s–1, typical of many leukocyte membrane protein interactions. CD166 also interacts in a homophilic manner but with around 100-fold lower affinity (KD =29–48 μM and Koff ≥ 5.3 s–1). At concentrations, that will block the CD6/CD166 interaction, soluble monomeric CD6 and CD166 inhibit antigen-specific human T cell responses. This is consistent with extracellular engagement between CD6 and CD166 being required for an optimal immune response.