Intervention programmes for work-related neck and upper limb disorders: strategies and evaluation

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Abstract
In this review the design and results of controlled interventions against work related neck and upper limb disorders are discussed. The method of intervention—workstation redesign, work reorganization, worker training and education—is related to the outcome. The result should be evaluated using a range of intermediate and end-point variables. Very little attention has yet been paid to the cost effectiveness of interventions and unsuccessful interventions are seldom reported, which makes an evaluation of the ‘most successful design’ incomplete. The use of reference groups for control of background variables, like fluctuations in work output and staff turnover is emphasized. The role of researchers, as active interveners or as passive recorders of effects is discussed, and the importance of an active contribution from management and employers is stressed.