A Comparison of GLC and HPLC Methods for Determining Fatty Acid Composition of Evening Primrose and Soybean Oil

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Abstract
The composition of the fatty acids of the oil from the seeds of the evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) was studied by capillary and packed-column gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The major constituents were found to be: 16:0,6%; 18:0, 2%; 18:1ω9, 11.3%; 18:2ω6, 72.3%; and 18:3ω6, 8.9%. Capillary GLC gave better separation of isomeric linolenic acids. Similar results were obtained by analysis of the free fatty acids or methyl esters using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), but GLC is preferred to distinguish evening primrose oil from soybean oil. The 18:3ω6 component could not be readily distinguished from the 18:3ω3 component by RP-HPLC. Analysis of the free fatty acids by RPHPLC gave a higher proportion of 18:3 fatty acids than did analysis of the methyl esters.

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