The effect of transforming growth factor-β2-specific phosphorothioate-anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides in reversing cellular immunosuppression in malignant glioma

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Abstract
✓ This in vitro study was aimed at restitution of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2-mediated suppression of T-lymphocyte activation within malignant gliomas. In early-passage tumor cell cultures of two glioblastomas (HTZ-153 and HTZ-209) and one malignant astrocytoma classified as World Health Organization Grade III (HTZ-243), autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated by interleukin-lα and interleukin-2 in vitro (lymphokine-actived killer cells) and tested for cytotoxic and proliferative activity. In expression studies (Western blot and Northern hybridization) of all three tumors, TGF-β could be detected at the protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels. A polyclonal anti-TGF-β neutralizing antibody did not enhance lymphocyte proliferation upon stimulation with tumor targets (3H-thymidine incorporation) and slightly stimulated lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous target cells. Preincubation of target cells for 12 hours with TGF-β2-specific phosphorothioate-anti-sense o...

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