Acute and long‐term toxicity of water‐soluble cationic polymers to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the modification of toxicity by humic acid

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Abstract
The toxicity of two classes of cationic polymers, epichlorhydrin/dimethylamine polyamines and quaternary amine copolymers, were investigated. Static bioassays of those polymers resulted in LC50 concentrations ranging from 271 μg/L to 1,733 μg/L. Under flow‐through conditions the toxicity was 1.7 to 13.9 times greater, depending on the polymer used. Using a reference humic acid along with the polymers in toxicity studies, strong correlations were established between humic acid concentration and LC50. Even at a fairly low humic acid concentration (5 mg/L), the toxicity of the polymers was reduced 7‐ to 16‐fold. At higher humic acid concentrations (50 mg/L), cationic polymer toxicity was reduced 33‐ to 75‐fold.

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