An X-Ray Study of the Copper-Manganese Binary Alloy System

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Abstract
The powder method of x‐ray analysis has been applied to a series of slowly cooled copper‐manganese alloys to ascertain whether anomalous physical effects of these alloys, detected by the Metallurgical Division of the United States Bureau of Mines, may be ascribed to the presence of superstructures. The x‐ray analysis does not indicate superstructures, but it presents results quite different from those one would expect from examination of the accepted equilibrium diagram of the copper‐manganese binary alloy system. Slowly cooled and annealed samples both give identical results; namely, that copper enters into a continuous series of solid solutions with manganese, crystallizing in a face‐centered cubic lattice with a gradually increasing parameter as the manganese content is increased from zero to sixty percent. Above sixty percent manganese, and up to ninety percent manganese, the lattice is face‐centered tetragonal. Between ninety and one hundred percent manganese, two phases are present, one phase being the solid solution phase corresponding to an alloy with ninety percent manganese, the other phase being that of alpha‐manganese.

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