Contamination of groundwater by heavy metals from the land disposal of fly ash. Final report

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Abstract
Information is provided on laboratory and field research to assess the aquatic effects and extent of release, migration, and attenuation of trace metals from fly ash into subsurface soil environments for a typical disposal regime. Those metals analyzed were arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. Laboratory studies indicated that the major effects of fly ash in water were pH alterations, which could be either acidic or basic, and comparatively high proportions of trace metals released from the ash surface, controlled largely by pH. Field studies confirmed the continued importance of pH in defining the attenuation of the metals by the soil but also suggested that pSO/sub 4/, ionic strength, and soil chemical parameters, such as iron and manganese content, could not be ignored. Theoretical thermodynamic analysis in concert with field data indicated that both adsorption onto soil phases and precipitation of metal phases occurred, the dominant attenuation mechanism depending upon the specific metal and soil conditions.

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