Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risk of Hip Fracture in Women
Open Access
- 9 April 2001
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of internal medicine (1960)
- Vol. 161 (7) , 983-988
- https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.7.983
Abstract
CIGARETTE SMOKING is often considered a risk factor for hip fracture,1 but several studies have found no association between cigarette smoking and hip fracture risk,2,3 and among the positive studies, most have reported only a modestly strong association.3 Investigation of bone mass has similarly been conflicting: although many studies have found a negative association between smoking and bone mass, many have reported smoking to have at most a weak association with bone mass, particularly among younger women.3 These findings underscore uncertainties about the effect of smoking and, in particular, the effect of smoking in different populations or at different ages.This publication has 1 reference indexed in Scilit:
- Smoking Increases Bone Loss and Decreases Intestinal Calcium AbsorptionThe Endocrinologist, 1999